The primary benefit of worm gears is their capability to provide high reduction ratios and correspondingly high torque multiplication. They can even be employed as velocity reducers in low- to medium-velocity applications. And, because their reduction ratio is based on the amount of gear teeth by itself, they are smaller sized than other types of gears. Like fine-pitch lead screws, worm gears are typically self-locking, making them ideal for hoisting and lifting applications.

Although the sliding contact reduces efficiency, it provides extremely quiet operation. (The use of dissimilar metals for the worm and equipment also contributes to quiet procedure.) This makes worm gears well suited for use where noise should be minimized, such as in elevators. In addition, the use of a softer materials for the apparatus means that it could absorb shock loads, like those knowledgeable in large equipment or crushing machines.

The meshing of the worm and the apparatus is an assortment of sliding and rolling actions, but sliding contact dominates at high reduction ratios. This sliding action causes friction and heat, which limits the performance of worm gears to 30 to 50 percent. In order to minimize friction (and therefore, warmth), the worm and gear are constructed with dissimilar metals – for instance, the worm may be made of hardened steel and the gear made of bronze or aluminum.

Such as a ball screw, the worm in a worm gear may possibly have a single start or multiple starts – and therefore there are multiple threads, or helicies, on the worm. For a single-start worm, each complete change (360 degrees) of the worm increases the equipment by one tooth. Thus a gear with 24 teeth will provide a gear reduction of 24:1. For a multi-start worm, the apparatus reduction equals the quantity of teeth on the gear, divided by the amount of begins on the worm. (That is different from most other types of gears, where the gear reduction can be a function of the diameters of the two components.)

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